Endothelial Dysfunction in Coronavirus disease: A Literature Review

Endothelial Dysfunction in Coronavirus disease

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by Sars-Cov-2, affects several cell types, including the vascular endothelium, which can lead to immunological phenomena and coagulopathies with vascular and systemic lesions. Thus, the objective was to describe, through a bibliographic review, the endothelial dysfunction induced by coronavirus. The data collected in this study suggest that the lesion of the endothelium caused by the coronavirus leads to cell death and exposure of the vascular glycocalyx, resulting in activation of neutrophils and platelets, with consequent production of cytokines and activation of blood clotting, inducing the formation of thrombi / clots . The consequences are hypoxia and widespread lesions in several organs, resulting in life-threatening patients with COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction is well established in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, in such a way that these comorbidities could aggravate the endothelium-induced lesions induced by Sars-Cov-2, with more serious clinical outcomes. Thus, a close relationship was observed between the endothelial dysfunctions induced by COVID-19 and inflammatory and thrombotic events, with worsening of clinical cases and fatal outcomes. Thus, early diagnosis can assist in the therapy that stabilizes the endothelium and reduces thrombotic events, with consequent aggravation and risk of death, especially in patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.